$BBh(B 10 $B2s(B $BF~NO(B

$BK\F|$NFbMF(B

10-1. $BI8=`F~=PNO(B(Standard I/O)
10-2. C $B8@8l$NFHFC$N5-K!(B
10-3. $BO@M}1i;;(B
10-4. $BF~NO(B

10-1. $BI8=`F~=PNO(B(Standard I/O)

MS-DOS $B%W%m%s%W%H$d%3%^%s%I%W%m%s%W%H$G$O!"%-!<%\!<%I$r2!$9$H;z$,F~NO(B $B$5$l!"2hLL$K;z$,I=<($5$l$^$9!#(B $B$7$+$7!"$3$N%-!<%\!<%I$d2hLL$N4X78$rJQ$($k$3$H$,2DG=$G$9!#(B $BNc$($P!"%W%m%0%i%`$N$B%j(B $B%@%$%l%/%H(B$B$H8@$$$^$9(B)$B!#(B

$BI8=`=PNO(B

$BI8=`=PNO$rJQ99$9$k$K$O%3%^%s%I$rF~NO$7$?8e!"!V(B> $B=PNO%U%!%$%kL>!W(B $B$rIU$1B-$7$^$9!#(B $BNc$($P!"%G%#%l%/%H%j$NFbMF$r%U%!%$%k$KJ]B8$9$k$K$O

dir > file1

$B$3$N$h$&$K$9$k$H%G%#%l%/%H%j$NFbMF$O2hLL$KI=<($5$l$:!"(B file1 $B$KJ]B8$5(B $B$l$^$9!#(B echo $B%3%^%s%I$O!V2hLL$KJ8;z$r=P$9%3%^%s%I!W$H$7$F>R2p$7$^$7$?$,!"(B $B

echo abc > file2

$B1i=,(B10-1

$B%3%^%s%I(B ver$B$N=PNO$r%U%!%$%k$KJ]B8$7$J$5$$!#(B
$B%3%^%s%I(B dir /w$B$N=PNO$r%U%!%$%k$KJ]B8$7$J$5$$!#(B
$B #include <stdio.h> main(){ printf("Hello World!\n"); }

$BI8=`F~NO(B

$BI8=`F~NO$rJQ99$9$k$K$O%3%^%s%I$rF~NO$7$?8e!"!V(B< $BF~NO%U%!%$%kL>!W$r(B $B$D$1$^$9!#(B $BNc$r@bL@$9$kA0$K!"$O(B file3 $B$K$7$F2<$5$$!#(B

3
1
2

$B$3$N%U%!%$%k$r(B sort $B%3%^%s%I$KF~NO$9$k$K$O

sort < file3

$B$9$k$H!"2hLL$KM?$($??t$,>.$5$$=g$K=PNO$5$l$^$9!#(B

EOF

sort $B%3%^%s%I$O%U%!%$%k$NFbMF$r>.$5$$=g$KJB$Y$k%3%^%s%I$G$9!#(B $B%U%!%$%k$N:G8e$K0lHV>.$5$$CM$,Mh$?$i!"$=$NCM$r@hF,$KI=<($9$kI,MW$,$"$k(B $B$?$a!"(B sort $B$N=hM}$O%U%!%$%k$rA4$FFI$_=*$($F$+$i$G$J$$$H

$BNc(B
sort[Enter]
3[Enter]
1[Enter]
2[Enter]
[Ctrl-Z][Enter]

$B$=$NB>(B

$B%3%^%s%I$N=PNO$r%U%!%$%k$K!VDI2C!W$7$?$$;~$O(B >> $B$r;HMQ(B $B$7$^$9!#(B

$BNc(B
echo abc > file1
echo def >> file1

$B%3%^%s%I$N=PNO$r!"B>$N%3%^%s%I$NF~NO$K$7$?$$;~$O(B |($B=DK@(B) $B$r;HMQ$7$^(B $B$9!#$3$N$h$&$KJ#?t$N%3%^%s%I$r$D$J$2$F=hM}$9$k$3$H$r(B$B%Q%$%W=hM}(B $B$H8@$$$^$9!#(B

$BNc(B
dir | sort
dir | more
dir | sort | more

10-2. C $B8@8l$NFHFC$N5-K!(B

$B<0$NCM(B

C $B8@8l$G$OA4$F$NJ8$d<0$KCM$r;}$A$^$9!#(B $BNc$($PBeF~J8$OBeF~$7$??t$rCM$K;}$A$^$9!#(B j=0 $B$H$$$&BeF~J8$NCM$O(B 0 $B$G$9!#(B $B=>$C$F

i=j=0

$B$3$N>l9g!"!V(Bj=0$B!W(B $B$K$h$j(B j $B$K(B 0 $B$,BeF~$5$l$^$9$,!"!V(Bj=0$B!W$N<0$NCM$O(B 0 $B$J$N$G!"(B i $B$K$O$3$N<0$NCM(B 0 $B$,BeF~$5$l$^$9!#(B

$B>r7oJ8$N<0$NCM$O!"??$G$"$l$P(B 1$B!"56$G$"$l$P(B 0 $B$G$9!#=>$C$F!"(B0==0 $B$O(B 1$B!"(B 1==0 $B$O(B 0 $B$NCM$r;}$A$^$9!#0lJ}!">r7oJ8$G$O!"(B 0 $B$J$i56!"(B0 $B0J30$NCM$J$i(B $B??$@$HH=Dj$7$^$9!#$7$?$,$C$F!"

if(x!=0){}
if(x){}

$B1i=,(B10-2

i=(j=1)+1;
i=((j=0)==0);
if(i){i=0;}

$BBeF~1i;;;R!"%$%s%/%j%a%s%H!"%G%/%j%a%s%H(B

$B%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$G$O(B i=i+1 $B$J$IJQ?t$NCM$r!VA}$d$9!W$J$IJQ2=$5$;$kA`:n$,(B $BB?$$$G$9!#$=$N$?$a!"$3$l$r(B i+=1 $B$H=q$/$3$H$b$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$C$F$^$9!#(B $B$^$?!"FC$K(B 1 $B$rB-$7$?$j0z$$$?$j$9$k$3$H$,B?$$$N$G!"FCJL$K(B 1 $BA}$d$9$N$r(B ++i$B!"(B 1 $B8:$i$9$N$r(B --i $B$H=q$/$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B $B$3$l$i$N$=$l$>$l$N<0$NCM$O!"7W;;7k2L$NJQ?t$NCM$K$J$j$^$9!#(B $B0lJ}$G!"(Bi++, i-- $B$OJQ?t$NCM$r(B1 $BA}$d$7$?$j8:$i$7$?$j(B $B$9$k:]$K!"<0$NCM$OA}8:$5$;$kA0$NJQ?t$NCM$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

$B1i=,(B10-3

#include <stdio.h>
main(){
  int i,j;
  printf("i=0 $B$G(B i $B$K(B 1 $B$rA}$d$9(B\n");
  i=0;j=(i=i+1);printf("i $B$NCM(B %d, $B<0$NCM(B %d\n",i,j);
  i=0;j=(i+=1);printf("i $B$NCM(B %d, $B<0$NCM(B %d\n",i,j);
  i=0;j=(++i);printf("i $B$NCM(B %d, $B<0$NCM(B %d\n",i,j);
  i=0;j=(i++);printf("i $B$NCM(B %d, $B<0$NCM(B %d\n",i,j);
}

i++ $B$O

#include <stdio.h>
main(){
  char x[]="abcdefg";
  char y[]="hijklmn";
  char z[50];

  int i,j;
  i=0;
  j=0;
  while(x[j]!='\0'){
    z[i++]=x[j++];
  }
  j=0;
  while(y[j]!='\0'){
    z[i++]=y[j++];
  }
  z[i]='\0';
  printf("%s\n",z);
}

$B1i=,(B10-4

#include <stdio.h>
main(){
  float x[]={3.1, 2.5, 6.3, 0};
  float s=0;
  int i=0;
  while(x[i]!=0){
    /* $B$3$3$KBeF~1i;;;R$H%$%s%/%j%a%s%H$r;H$C$?J8$r0l$D$@$1=q$/(B */
  }
  printf("$B9g7W(B %f\n",s);
}

$B%R%s%H(B

$BBeF~1i;;;R$d%$%s%/%j%a%s%H$r;H$o$J$$>l9g$O

    s=s+x[i];
    i=i+1;

for $BJ8(B

$BB>$N8@8l$G$O(B for $BJ8$OFCJL$JF0:n$r$7$^$9$,!"(B C $B8@8l$G$O(B for $BJ8$O(B while $BJ8$H$[$\F1$8$G$9!#(B $BJ8K!$O

for($B0lHV$O$8$a$K$@$1r7oJ8(B ; $B7+$jJV$7$N:G8e$K

$B$D$^$j

for(A;B;C){D;}
A; while(B){D; C;}


$B
for(i=0;i<10;++i){
  printf("%d\n",i);
}


$B$3$l$O
i=0;
while(i<10){
  printf("%d\n",i);
  ++i;
}


for $BJ8$G=q$/$H!"%k!<%WJQ?t$N=hM}$r0l$+=j$K$^$H$a$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$N$G!"7+(B
$B$jJV$72s?t$,0lL\$G$o$+$k$J$I$NMxE@$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B5U$K(B for $B$NCf$K%k!<%WJQ?t0J30$NJ8$rB?$/F~$l$F$7$^$&$HFI$_$E$i$/$J$j$^(B
$B$9!#(B

$B1i=,(B10-5

$B$7$J$5$$!#(B

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 3
main(){
  int i;
  float x[N]={3.2, 1.2, 5.4};

  for(i=0; i<N; ++i){
    printf("x[%d]=%f\n",i,x[i]);
  }
}


$B1i=,(B10-6

$B$7$J$5$$!#(B

#include <stdio.h>
main(){
  int i;
  char x[]="abcdefg";

  i=0;
  while(x[i]!='\0'){
    printf("%c\n",x[i]);
    ++i;
  }
}


10-3. $BO@M}1i;;(B

$B>r7o(B A $B$H(B B $B$,$"$C$?;~!"$=$NN>J}$,@.N)$7$F$$$k;~$@$1J8(B X $B$r
if(A){
  if(B){
    X;
  }
}


$B0lJ}!">r7o(B A $B$H(B B $B$N$I$A$i$+0lJ}$,@.N)$7$F$$$l$P(B X $B$r
if(A){
  X;
}else{
  if(B){
    X;
  }
}


$B$3$N$h$&$K(B if $BJ8$G$"$l$PJ#?t$N>r7o$NAH9g$;$r=hM}$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$7$+$7!"(B while $BJ8$G$O$I$&$G$7$g$&$+(B?
while $BJ8$G$O!"J8$rJ#?t7+$jJV$5$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$N$G!"$3$N(B if $BJ8$N$h$&$J(B
$B$3$H$O4pK\E*$K$G$-$^$;$s!#(B
$B$=$N$?$a!"J#?t$N>r7oJ8$NAH9g$;$r0l$D$N>r7oJ8$K$^$H$a$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B


C $B8@8l$K$*$$$F!">r7o(B A $B$H(B B $B$KBP$7$F!"N>J}$,@.N)$7$?;~$K$@[email protected])$9$k$3(B
$B$H$rI=$9$K$O(B (A)&&(B) $B$H=q$-$^$9!#(B
$B!V(Ba $B$,(B 0 $B$G(B b $B$b(B 0 $B!W$H$$$&>r7oJ8$rI=$9$K$O(B
(a==0)&&(b==0) $B$H=q$-$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O0lHL$K$O(BAND $B1i;;(B$B$H8F$P$l$F$^$9!#(B


A B A AND B
[email protected])(B [email protected])(B [email protected])(B
[email protected])(B [email protected])(B [email protected])(B
[email protected])(B [email protected])(B [email protected])(B
[email protected])(B [email protected])(B [email protected])(B


$B0lJ}!"(BC $B8@8l$K$*$$$F!">r7o(B A $B$H(B B $B$KBP$7$F!"$I$A$i$+0lJ}$,@.N)$9$l$P@.(B
$BN)$9$k$3$H$rI=$9$K$O(B (A)||(B) $B$H=q$-$^$9!#(B
$B!V(Ba $B$^$?$O(B b $B$N$$$:$l$+$,(B 0 $B!W$H$$$&>r7oJ8$rI=$9$K$O(B
(a==0)||(b==0) $B$H=q$-$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O0lHL$K$O(BOR $B1i;;(B$B$H8F$P$l$F$^$9!#(B


A B A OR B
[email protected])(B [email protected])(B [email protected])(B
[email protected])(B [email protected])(B [email protected])(B
[email protected])(B [email protected])(B [email protected])(B
[email protected])(B [email protected])(B [email protected])(B


$B$5$i$K!"(BC $B8@8l$K$*$$$F!">r7o(B A $B$KBP$7$F!"(BA  $B$,[email protected])$N$H$-$@$1@.(B
$BN)$9$k$3$H$rI=$9$K$O(B !(A) $B$H=q$-$^$9!#(B
$B!V(Ba $B$,(B 0 $B$G$J$$;~!W$O(B a!=0 $B$H$b=q$1$^$9$,!"(B!(a==0) $B$H$b=q$1$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O0lHL$K$O(BNOT $B1i;;(B$B$H8F$P$l$F$^$9!#(B


A NOT A 
[email protected])(B [email protected])(B
[email protected])(B [email protected])(B


$B>e5-$NNc$r$b$&0lEY$H$j$"$2$^$9!#(B
 A $B$H(B B $B$NN>J}$,@.N)$7$F$$$k;~(B X $B$r
if((A)&&(B)){ X; }


$B$D$^$j!"$3$NI=8=$r;H$&$H!"!V(BA $B$H(B B $B$NN>J}$,@.N)$7$F$$$k;~(B X $B$r7+$jJV$9!W(B
$B$H$$$&$3$H$b
while((A)&&(B)){ X; }


$BF1$8$h$&$K!V(BA $B$H(B B $B$N$I$A$i$+0lJ}$,@.N)$7$F$$$k;~(B X $B$r
if((A)||(B)){ X; }
while((A)||(B)){ X; }

$B1i=,(B10-7

$BJ}Dx<0(B a₀+a₁x=0 $B$N2r$r5a$a$k2<$N%W%m(B
$B%0%i%`$r40@.$5$;$J$5$$!#(B
$B$^$?!"40@.$5$;$?%W%m%0%i%`$rMQ$$$F!"

 2x+1 = 0
 5x+0 = 0
 0x+3 = 0
 0x+0 = 0

#include <stdio.h>
main(){
  float a[]={2,1};
  float x;

  printf("%fx+%f=0 $B$N2r$O(B",a[1],a[0]);
  if(/* a[1] $B$b(B a[0] $B$b(B 0 */){
    printf("$BG$0U$NCM(B\n");
  }
  if(/* a[1] $B$O(B 0 $B$@$,!"(B a[0] $B$O(B 0 $B$G$J$$(B*/){
    printf("$B$J$7(B\n");
  }
  if(/* a[1] $B$O(B 0 $B$G$J$$(B */){
    /* x $B$N7W;;(B */
   printf("%f\n",x);
  }
}

10-4. $BF~NO(B
getchar

C $B8@8l$GI8=`F~NO$+$i0lJ8;zF@$k$K$O(B getchar() $B4X?t$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N4X?t$r;HMQ$9$k$H!"F~NO$5$l$?J8;z$,J8;z7?$NCM$H$7$FF@$k$3$H$,$G$-$^(B
$B$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j(B c=getchar(); $B$H$9$k$H!"0lJ8;zF@$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B%U%!%$%k$N=*$j$KC#$9$k$H(B EOF $B$H$$$&CM$K$J$j$^$9!#(B


$B%U%!%$%k$N=*$j$^$G0lJ8;z$:$DFI$_$J$,$i=hM}$r$9$k$K$O!"0lJ8;zFI$`Kh$K(B
EOF $B$+$I$&$+H=Dj$9$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"%W%m%0%i%`$O!V(B(A)$B0lJ8;zFI$_!"FI$s$@J8;z$,(B EOF $B$G$J$$$H$-"*(B(B)
$BFI$s$@J8;z$r=hM}$r$9$k!W$H$$$&$3$H7+$jJV$9$3$H$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j35G0E*$K$O
while($B0lJ8;zFI$_!"FI$_9~$s$@J8;z$,(B EOF $B$G$J$$$H$-(B){
  $BFI$s$@J8;z$r=hM}$9$k(B
}


while $BJ8$N>r7o$O<0$NCM$rMxMQ$9$k$H
while((c=getchar())!=EOF){
  $BFI$_9~$s$@J8;z$NF~$C$F$$$kJQ?t(B c $B$KBP$9$k=hM}(B
}


$B
#include <stdio.h>
main(){
  char c;
  while((c=getchar())!=EOF){
    printf("%c",c);
  }
}


$B$J$*!"(B MS-DOS $B%W%m%s%W%H$O%-!<%\!<%I$+$i(B EOF(Ctrl-Z) $B$r
$B1i=,(B10-8

$B.\a.exe < $B$3$N%W%m%0%i%`(B.c $B$r9T$&(B)$B!#(B

#include <stdio.h>
main(){
  char c;
  int n=0;
  while((c=getchar())!=EOF){
    /* $B0lJ8;z

$B1i=,(B10-9

$B%U%!%$%k$N9T?t$r?t$($k%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$-$J$5$$!#(B
$B$^$?=q$$$?%W%m%0%i%`$,2?9T$"$k$+:n$C$?%W%m%0%i%`$GD4$Y$J$5$$!#(B

$B%R%s%H(B

$B

$B1i=,(B10-10

$BJQ?t(B x $B$KJ8;z$rM?$($F$*$-!"$=$NJ8;z$,%U%!%$%kCf$K2?J8;z8=$l$?$+$r?t$((B
$B$k%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$-$J$5$$!#(B


$B1i=,(B10-11

$B%U%!%$%k$N:G=i$+$i(B 5 $B9T$@$1$rI=<($9$k%W%m%0%i%`$r:n$j$J$5$$(B
($B%U%!%$%k$,A4It$G(B 5 $B9T0J2<$N;~$K$I$&$9$k$+$b9M$($J$5$$(B)$B!#(B


$B1i=,(B10-12

$B%U%!%$%k$K9THV9f$r$D$1$k%W%m%0%i%`$r:n$j$J$5$$!#(B
$BNc$($P
abc
def
ghi


$B$3$N$H$-$3$N%U%!%$%k$rF~NO$9$k$H
1: abc
2: def
3: ghi


($B$J$*M>M5$,$"$C$?$i!"%U%!%$%k$,6u$N;~$K2?$b=PNO$7$J$$$h$&$K9)IW$7$J$5(B
$B$$(B)$B!#(B

scanf

C $B8@8l$GJQ?t$K?tCM$rF~NO$9$k$K$O(B scanf $B$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B;H$$J}$O(B printf $B$H$[$\F1MM$G$9$,!"JQ?t$N;XDj$G$OJQ?tL>$NA0$K(B & $B5-(B
$B9f$r=q$-$^$9(B($BM}M3$O>\$7$$K\$K>y$j$^$9(B)$B!#(B
$BNc$($PJQ?t(B i $B$K@0?t$rF~NO$9$k;~$O
scanf("%d",&i);


scanf $B$OF1;~$KJ#?t$NJQ?t$NCM$rF@$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
scanf $B$OBeF~$,@.8y$7$?JQ?t$N?t$rCM$H$7$FJV$7$^$9(B($BNc$($P!"?t;z$rF~NO$5(B
$B$;$k$KJ8;z$rF~$l$i$l$?$i<:GT$7$^$9(B)$B!#(B
$B$^$?!"%U%!%$%k$N=*$j$r8!=P$9$k$H(B EOF $B$rJV$7$^$9!#(B


$B
#include <stdio.h>
main(){
  float x;
  int c;
  while((c=scanf("%f",&x))!=EOF){
    if(c==1){ /* x $B$KCM$,BeF~$5$l$?;~$@$1(B */
      printf("\t%f\n",2*x);
    }
  }
}


$B$J$*(B scanf $B$O6uGr$d2~9T$rFI$_Ht$P$7$^$9$N$G!"J#?t$N?tCM$rF~NO$9$k;~$O!"(B
$BE,596uGr$d2~9T$G6h@Z$j$^$9!#(B
$B$^$?!"%W%m%0%i%`$K%-!<%\!<%I$+$iD>@\CM$rF~NO$9$k;~$O!"(B Enter $B%-!<$r2!(B
$B$9$^$G$O%W%m%0%i%`$KCM$,EO$i$J$$$3$H$KCm0U$7$F2<$5$$!#(B

$B1i=,(B10-13

$B%U%!%$%k$NCf$N?t$r9g7W$9$k%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$-$J$5$$!#(B


$B1i=,(B10-14

$B%U%!%$%k$NCf$N?t$NJ?6Q$r7W;;$9$k%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$-$J$5$$!#(B


$B1i=,(B10-15

$B%U%!%$%k$NCf$N?t$N:GBgCM$r=PNO$9$k%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$-$J$5$$!#(B



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$BEl5~EE5!Bg3X9)3XIt>pJsDL?.9)3X2J(B

A	B	A AND B
[email protected])(B	[email protected])(B	[email protected])(B
[email protected])(B	[email protected])(B	[email protected])(B
[email protected])(B	[email protected])(B	[email protected])(B
[email protected])(B	[email protected])(B	[email protected])(B

$BBh(B 10 $B2s(B $BF~NO(B

$BK\F|$NFbMF(B

10-1. $BI8=`F~=PNO(B(Standard I/O)

$BI8=`=PNO(B

$B1i=,(B10-1

$BI8=`F~NO(B

EOF

$B$=$NB>(B

10-2. C $B8@8l$NFHFC$N5-K!(B

$B<0$NCM(B

$B1i=,(B10-2

$BBeF~1i;;;R!"%$%s%/%j%a%s%H!"%G%/%j%a%s%H(B

$B1i=,(B10-3

$B1i=,(B10-4

$B%R%s%H(B

for $BJ8(B

$B1i=,(B10-5

$B1i=,(B10-6

10-3. $BO@M}1i;;(B

$B1i=,(B10-7

10-4. $BF~NO(B

getchar

$B1i=,(B10-8

$B1i=,(B10-9

$B%R%s%H(B

$B1i=,(B10-10

$B1i=,(B10-11

$B1i=,(B10-12

scanf

$B1i=,(B10-13

$B1i=,(B10-14

$B1i=,(B10-15

$BBh(B 10 $B2s(B $BF~NO(B

$BK\F|$NFbMF(B

10-1. $BI8=`F~=PNO(B(Standard I/O)

$BI8=`=PNO(B

$B1i=,(B10-1

$BI8=`F~NO(B

$B$=$NB>(B

10-2. C $B8@8l$NFHFC$N5-K!(B

$B<0$NCM(B

$B1i=,(B10-2

$BBeF~1i;;;R!"%$%s%/%j%a%s%H!"%G%/%j%a%s%H(B

$B1i=,(B10-3

$B1i=,(B10-4

$B%R%s%H(B

for $BJ8(B

$B1i=,(B10-5

$B1i=,(B10-6

10-3. $BO@M}1i;;(B

$B1i=,(B10-7

10-4. $BF~NO(B

$B1i=,(B10-8

$B1i=,(B10-9

$B%R%s%H(B

$B1i=,(B10-10

$B1i=,(B10-11

$B1i=,(B10-12

$B1i=,(B10-13

$B1i=,(B10-14

$B1i=,(B10-15