$BBh0l2s(B $B%3%s%T%e!<%?$N4pAC(B

$BK\F|$NFbMF(B

    1. $B$3$N
    2. $B%3%s%T%e!<%?$N86M}(B
    3. $B%$%s%?!<%M%C%H(B
    4. $BMxMQ$9$k>e$G$NCm0U(B

1. $B$3$N

$BK\
$B%3%s%T%e!<%?$d%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$N;EAH$_$rCN$k!#(B
$B%3%s%T%e!<%?$rMxMQ$7$F%l%]!<%H$N:n@.$,$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$k!#(B
$BFC$K!"$3$N]!#(B $BKh2s!"FI.O@J8$r=q$$$F!"I=8=$d9=@.$b3X$V!#(B
$B%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$N4pAC$r3X$V!#(B
$B8eH>$O(B C $B8@8l$r;HMQ$7$F4JC1$J%W%m%0%i%`$r:n@.$9$k!#(B

2. $B%3%s%T%e!<%?$N86M}(B

$B%O!<%I%&%'%"(B

$B%3%s%T%e!<%?$O%H%i%s%8%9%?$N=89gBN(B($B1U>=%G%#%9%W%l%$$J$I$b(B)

$B;29M(B

ASUS $B$N%^%6!<%\!<%I(B


abstract figure of computer
$B%N%$%^%s7?%3%s%T%e!<%?(B
$B%a%b$j!<$K%W%m%0%i%`$rF~$l!"$B$=$l0JA0(B
$BG[@~$J$I$K$h$j%W%m%0%i%`$r

CPU

$B%W%m%0%i%`$ruBV$rJQ2=$5$;$F$$$/!#(B

$B%$%s%F%k(B
4004,4040,8008,8080,8086,80186,80286,80386,80486,Pentium,Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4
$B%6%$%m%0(B
Z80
$B%b%H%m!<%i(B
6800, 6502, 6809, 68000, 68008, 68010, 68020, 68030, 68040, PowerPC

$B%P%9(B

$BAPJ}8~$NDL?.$K;HMQ$9$kG[@~!#(B $B%G!<%?$NDL?.$K;HMQ$9$kG[@~$NK\?t$,(B 32 $BK\$J$i!"(B $B!V(B32$B%S%C%H%3%s%T%e!<%?!W$H8F$V!#(B $BK\?t$,B?$$$[$I@-G=$,NI$$(B($B@~7?2CB.DjM}(B)$B!#(B

I/O

CPU $B$,30It$H$N$d$j

$B%=%U%H%&%'%"(B

$B6bJ*(B($B%O!<%I%&%'%"(B)$B$KBP1~$7$?8@MU$H$7$F!"%W%m%0%i%`$J$I!"6bJ*$G$J$$%3%s%T%e!<%[email protected]$r!V%=%U%H%&%'%"!W$H8@$&!#!V%=%U%H%&%'%"!W$H8@$($P

$B%=%U%H%&%'%"$N
$B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`(B
$B%^%9%3%_MQ8l$G$O!V4pK\%=%U%H!W!#%3%s%T%e!<%?$N4IM}$r$9$k!#(B
$B%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s%=%U%H%&%'%"(B
$B%^%9%3%_MQ8l$G$O!V1~MQ%=%U%H!W!#(B $BL\E*$K1~$8$F

$B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`(B

$B%3%s%T%e!<%?$r4IM}$5$;$k%=%U%H%&%'%"$r%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`(B(OS)$B$H8@$&!#(B

abstract image of OS
$B%+!<%M%k(B
$B%3%s%T%e!<%?$r4IM}$9$kItJ,!#(B
$B%I%i%$%P(B
I/O $B$rF0:n$5$;$k%W%m%0%i%`!#%+!<%M%k$KAH9~$^$l$k!#(B
$B%7%'%k(B
$BMxMQ$K1~$8$F%W%m%0%i%`$N4QE*$JA`:n$,2DG=$J(B GUI($B%0%i%U%#%+%k%f!<%6%$%s%?%U%'%$%9(B)$B!#J8;z$NF~NO$K$h$jCj>]E*$JA`:n$,9T$($k(B CUI($B%-%c%i%/%?%f!<%6%$%s%?%U%'%$%9(B)$B$H6hJ,$G$-$k!#(B
$B%i%$%V%i%j(B
$B;03Q4X?t$J$I!"MxMQ2ACM$N9b$$%W%m%0%i%`$r=8$a$?$b$N!#(BCPU $B<+BN$K$O;03Q4X?t$N7W;;$r9T$&L?Na$O$J$$!#(B
API(Application Programming Interface)
$B%+!<%M%k$d(B I/O $B$N5!G=$J$I$r8F=P$9$?$a$N%W%m%0%i%`(B $B%U%!%$%k!"%=%1%C%H$H$+!"%-!<%\!<%I$+$iJ8;z$rF~NO$7$?$j!"2hLL$K;z$rI=<($9$k$H$-$J$I$K8F$S=P$9!#(B

3. $B%$%s%?!<%M%C%H(B

$B%"%a%j%+$N9qKI>J$,3K@oAh;~$KMxMQ2DG=$J%3%s%T%e!<%?%M%C%H%o!<%/$H$7$F3+H/$5$l$?%M%C%H%o!<%/!#(B $BJ,;67?$N9-0h%M%C%H%o!<%/!#(B

$BBg$-$JFCD'(B

  1. $B%M%C%H%o!<%/F1;N$r@\B3$9$k$3$H$,4pK\E*$J@_7W$H$7$F@9$j9~$^$l$F$$$k$3$H!#(B
  2. $B$I$s$JJ*M}E*$J%M%C%H%o!<%/$b2>Dj$7$F$J$$!#(B$BEA=qH7$r%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$K;HMQ$9$k$?$a$N5,3J=q(B$B$H$$$&!"%Q%m%G%#$bH/I=$5$l$F$$$k!#(B(RFC1149)
  3. $BJ#?tDL?.7PO)$,$"$k;~!"0l$D$N7PO)$,8N>c$7$F$b<+F0E*$KB>$N7PO)$K@Z$jBX$o$k(B
    routing
$B%[%9%H(B
$BDL?.Aj$B%k!<%?(B($B%2!<%H%&%'%$(B)
$B%M%C%H%o!<%/F1;N$r@\B3$9$kAuCV(B
IP $B%"%I%l%9(B
$B%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$r;HMQ$9$k:]$KI,MW$J%"%I%l%9!#(B

Network

traceroute(tracert)$B%3%^%s%I$OL\E*$N%3%s%T%e!<%?$^$G$N%k!<%?$N0lMw$r=PNO$7$F$/$l$k(B

$BNc$($P>e?^$G(B Host A $B$+$i(B traceroute HostC $B$r9T$&$H!" 

sakamoto@hosta:~$ traceroute hostc
traceroute to hostc (2:5), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets
 1  router (1:1)  1.000 ms 1.000 ms 1.000ms
 2  hostc (2:5) 2.000 ms 2.000 ms 2.000ms

$BEl5~EE5!Bg<~JU$N%M%C%H%o!<%/9=@.(B

sakamoto@fiva:~$ /usr/sbin/traceroute www.u-tokyo.ac.jp
traceroute to www.u-tokyo.ac.jp (133.11.124.165), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets
 1  133.20.160.254 (133.20.160.254)  2.600 ms  0.813 ms  0.809 ms
 2  tdu-cis.dendai.ac.jp (133.20.16.10)  2.537 ms  1774.881 ms  1779.921 ms
 3  iij-rr.dendai.ac.jp (133.20.17.1)  6.666 ms  1776.995 ms  1776.172 ms
 4  202.232.13.97 (202.232.13.97)  12.137 ms  1770.143 ms  1785.979 ms
 5  IX-gate0.IIJ.Net (210.130.130.2)  18.323 ms  1761.278 ms  1780.877 ms
 6  cisco2.otemachi.wide.ad.jp (202.249.2.1)  32.861 ms  1663.017 ms  1780.616 ms
 7  foundry2.otemachi.wide.ad.jp (203.178.140.216)  58.910 ms  1676.213 ms *
 8  * * *
 9  133.11.127.249 (133.11.127.249)  38.222 ms  1722.683 ms *
10  * ra10-fddi0-0.nc.u-tokyo.ac.jp (133.11.126.10)  177.458 ms  1730.922 ms
11  * www.u-tokyo.ac.jp (133.11.124.165)  82.524 ms  1680.814 ms

$BEl5~EE5!Bg"*(BIIJ$B"*(BWIDE$B"*El5~Bg3X(B

$B%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s(B

$B%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$rMxMQ$7$?$5$^$6$^$J%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$,B8:_$9$k!#(B
$BEE;R%a!<%k(B
$B%a%C%;!<%8$rAjA0(B@$B%I%a%$%s!W$H$$$&7A<0$G$"$k!#(B($B;d$N%"%I%l%9$O(B [email protected])
WWW
$BO@J8$r6&M-$9$k$?$a$K3+H/$5$l$?%7%9%F%`!#%h!<%m%C%Q$N(B CERN $B$G3+H/$5$l$?!#(B $B$=$N8e!"%"%a%j%+$N(B NCSA $B$G2hA|$rF~$l$i$k$h$&$K2~NI$5$l!"8=:_$K;j$k!#(B

4. $BMxMQ$9$k>e$G$NCm0U(B

$BFbMF(B

  1. $B%3%s%T%e!<%?$N1?MQ(B
  2. $B%&%#%k%9!"%H%m%$$NLZGO(B
  3. $BK!N'(B
  4. $BNQM}(B

$B%3%s%T%e!<%?$N1?MQ(B

$B%Q%=%3%s$O2u$l$d$9$$(B

$B%3%s%T%e!<%?$O@:L)5!3#$J$N$G!"Mn$7$?$j$9$k$HMF0W$K2u$l$k!#$^$?!"%G!<%?$r5-21$9$k%O!<%I%G%#%9%/$OG/7n$,7P$D$H2u$l$k2DG=@-$,$"$k!#(B

$B%3%s%T%e!<%?$,2u$l$F$bBg$-$J%@%a!<%8$K$J$i$J$$$h$&$K9M$($F9TF0$9$k!#(B ($B!V$3$N%3%s%T%e!<%?$,2u$l$?$iB46H$G$-$J$$!W$h$&$J>u67$K$J$i$J$$$h$&$K(B)

$B%N!<%H$r$H$k(B

$B%3%s%T%e!<%?@lMQ$N%N!<%H$r(B$B;f(B$B$G:n@.$9$k$HNI$$!#(B
  1. $BKhF|$N:n6HFbMF$r%a%b$9$k(B
  2. $BJ#;($JA`:n$d!"M-MQ$JA`:n$O0l%Z!<%83d$$$F!"%^%K%e%"%k$r:n$k(B
  • $BF|>o:n6H$N8zN(2=(B
  • $B8N>c;~$d%3%s%T%e!<%?$NGc49$($N:]$K!"=EMW$JI|85>pJs$K$J$k(B
  • $BCN<1$N@0M}(B

$B%P%C%/%"%C%W(B

$B%G!<%?$r<:$o$J$$$?$a$K!"%P%C%/%"%C%W$O>o$K?43]$1$kI,MW$,$"$k!#(B

$B>.MFNL%a%G%#%"(B
$B%U%m%C%T!<%G%#%9%/(B(1.44MB)
$BF|K\8l$G$O(B 70$BK|J8;z0L!#(BA4 $B0lKg$N%I%-%e%a%s%H$,(B 2000$BJ8;z$@$H9M$($k$H!"(B 350 $B%Z!<%8J,$NMFNL$,$"$k!#(B $B%^%$%/%m%=%U%H$N%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s%=%U%H%&%'%"$O!"(B1$B%Z!<%8J,$N%I%-%e%a%s%H$G$b(B 1MB $B$r1[$($k$3$H$,$"$k$?$a!"$"$^$jLr$KN)$?$J$$!#(B
$B%3%s%Q%/%H%U%i%C%7%e%G%#%9%/$d%9%^!<%H%a%G%#%"$J$I(B
$B%G%#%8%+%a$J$I$N5-21G^BN!#(B8MB $B$+$i(B 1GB $B$^$G!"
$BBgMFNL%a%G%#%"(B
$B30IU$1%O!<%I%G%#%9%/(B
$B?t==(B GB $B$G(B 2, 3 $BK|1_$J$N$G3d0B!#(BPCMCIA $B%9%m%C%H$KF~$l$F;HMQ$9$k$b$N$OMxMQ$7$d$9$$!#;}$A1?$S$K$O8~$+$J$$!#(B
MO
$B0l;~4|$ON.9T$C$?$,!"(B 230MB $B$d(B 640MB $B$H$$$&MFNL$O8=:_$G$OCfESH>CCD-R
CD$B%I%i%$%V$,$"$l$PFI9~2DG=!#CD-RW
$BBP1~%I%i%$%V$G$J$$$HFI$a$J$$$,!"F1$8$/DVD-RAM
5GB$B!#

$B%&%#%k%9!"%H%m%$$NLZGO(B

$B%3%s%T%e!<%?%&%#%k%9$O0l$N%W%m%0%i%`$K46@w$9$k!#(B $B<+F0E*$K

$B!V%H%m%$$NLZGO!W(B
$B%.%j%7%c$,%H%m%$$r96$a$k:]$K!"5pBg$JLZGO$r:n$jJ<;N$r1#$7$?!#(B $B%H%m%$$O$=$NLZGO$r?XFb$KF~$l$F$7$^$C$?$?$a!"%H%m%$$OLG$S$?!#(B

$B$3$3$G$O!"Aj

$B$I$A$i$b!"%O!<%I%G%#%9%/$r>C5n$7$?$j!"%3%s%T%e!<%?$r5/F0$7$J$/$9$k$h$&$K$9$k$J$I!"%3%s%T%e!<%?$K0-1F6A$r$"$?$($k$h$&$J5!G=$,2C$($i$l$F$$$k>l9g$,$"$k!#(B

$BK!N'(B

$BK!N'4XO"$N%Z!<%8(B
$B6bBtBg3X$N!VF|K\EEG>K!N'=8!W(B$B$J$IB??t$"$j!#(B

$BCx:n8"K!(B

$BAOB$E*$JCx:nJ*$r:n$kCx:n

$BJ]8n$5$l$k8"Mx(B
$BCx:n?M3J8"(B
$BCx:nI=<(8"!"F10l@-J]8n8"$J$I!#(B
$BCx:n:b;:8"(B
$BCx:n
$BCx:n8"K!$NMWE@(B
  1. $BL5J}<0(B($BFCJL$J$3$H$r$7$J$/$F$bCx:n8"$OJ]8n$5$l$k(B) (cf. $B%^%k%7!<%^!<%/(B (c))
  2. $BJ]8n$5$l$kCx:n8"$K$O!"8xI=8"!"F10l@-J];}8"!"J#@=8"!"K]Lu8"!"Fs$BCx:n8"J]8n$K$OM-8z4|8B$,$"$k(B(50$BG/(B)
  3. $B%"%$%G%#%"$OCx:nJ*$G$O$J$$!#(B
  4. $BMxMQ8"(B($B$I$N$h$&$JMxMQ$r$9$k$+(B)$B$OCx:n8"K!$NBP>]$G$O$J$$!#(B
  5. $B;dE*$JJ#@=$O$I$NCx:nJ*$G$b2DG=(B
$B9q:]>rLs(B:
$BK|9qCx:n8">rLs!"%Y%k%L>rLs!"(BWIPO$BCx:n8">rLs(B
$B;29MJ88%(B

$BFC5vK!(B

$BF|K\$G$O%"%$%G%#%"$G$OFC5v$r

$B%"%a%j%+$G$O%"%$%G%#%"$bFC5v$NBP>](B

  1. $B%9%?%C%/(B
  2. RSA $B8x3+800E9f(B
  3. UNISYS $B$N(B GIF($B%5%V%^%j%sFC5v(B)
  4. $B%S%8%M%9%b%G%k(B

TAMSITE($BFC5v1QM:NsEA(B

$B%3%s%T%e!<%?%=%U%H%&%'%"$NJ]8n(B

  1. $BCx:n8"K!(B($B%W%m%0%i%`<+?H!"1GA|$NCx:nJ*(B)
  2. $BFC5vK!(B
  3. $B>&K!(B($B7@Ls(B) $B;HMQ5vBz>r7o(B

$B%Q%V%j%C%/%I%a%$%s%=%U%H%&%'%"!"%*!<%W%s%&%'%"!"%U%j!<%&%'%"(B

$BMxMQ5vBz>r7o$GJ#@=8"$NJ]8n$rItJ,E*$K$f$k$a$?$b$N(B

$B%Q%V%j%C%/%I%a%$%s%=%U%H%&%'%"(B
$BCx:n8"K!$GJ]8n$5$l$F$$$k8"Mx$r$B%*!<%W%s%=!<%9(B
$B%W%m%0%i%`$N%=!<%9%3!<%I$r8x3+!#J#@=8"$OJ]8n$5$l$k!#(B
$B%U%j!<%&%'%"(B
$B%U%j!<%=%U%H%&%'%"6(2q$N(B GNU $B%=%U%H%&%'%"$d(B Linux $B$,M-L>!#(B $B%=!<%9%3!<%I$r8x3+!#Hs1DMx!"J#@=ItJ,L@5-$9$k8B$jL5@)8B$KJ#@=$,2DG=(B
$B;29MJ88%(B

$BL58BO":?9V$NKI;_$K4X$9$kK!N'(B

$B%M%C%H>e$K!V$M$:$_9V!W(B!?

$B7:K!!"%9%H!<%+!<9T0YEy$N5,@)Ey$K4X$9$kK!N'(B

$BEE;R%a!<%k$G$b!"!V;`$M!W$J$I$N8@MU$rAj

$B$^$?0[@-$N5$$r$R$3$&$H$7$D$3$/EE;R%a!<%k$rAw$j$D$1$?$j!"(BWWW $B$J$I$GAjpJs$r8x3+$9$k$J$I$9$k$H!">e5-$NK!N'$N5,@)BP>]$K$J$k!#(B

$BIT@5%"%/%;%99T0Y$N6X;_Ey$K4X$9$kK!N'(B

$BMxMQ$r5v$5$l$F$J$$$h$&$J%3%s%T%e!<%?$rMxMQ$9$k$3$H$O6X$8$i$l$F$$$k!#(B

$BEE5$DL?.;v6HK!(B

$B%W%m%P%$%@$J$I$,Z$J$I$,5-$5$l$F$$$k!#(B $BEE;R%a!<%k$G8+$:CN$i$:$NAjpJs$J$I$rL@$+$9$3$H$O$J$$!#(B

$B$=$NB>(B

$B%/%i%C%-%s%0!"%/%i%C%+!<(B
$B%3%s%T%e!<%?$rMxMQ$7$FIT@5$J9T0Y$r9T$&$3$H$r%/%i%C%-%s%0!#9T$&?M$r%/%i%C%+!<$H8F$V!#!VCNG=HH!W!#(B $B%/%i%C%-%s%0$K$O!"%Q%9%o!<%I2r@O!"IT@5?/F~!"B>?M$N$J$j$9$^$7(B($B%/%l%8%C%H%+!<%I$NIT@5MxMQ(B)$B$J$I$,$"$k!#(B
$B%O%C%-%s%0!"%O%C%+!<(B
$B$"$i$f$k$B$o$l$:(B(wares)
$BIT@5%3%T!<$7$?%=%U%H%&%'%"$r(Bwares($B%&%'%"!<%:!"$o$l$:(B)$B$H8F$V$3$H$,$"$k!#(B
$B;29MJ88%(B
  • $B$+$C$3$&$O%3%s%T%e!<%?$KMq$r;:$`(B

$BNQM}(B

$BB>?M$r=}IU$1$J$$$h$&$K(B

$B%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$O?ME*$J%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s$Np$,$D$+$a$J$$$J$I!"DL>o$N2qOC$H$O0c$&E@$,$"$k!#(B $B$=$N$?$a!"%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s$NG=NO$,=EMW$K$J$C$F$/$k!#(B $BFC$K5$$rIU$1$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$N$O!"$=$N$h$&$J%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s$G$OB>?M$rMF0W$K=}IU$1$k2DG=@-$,$"$k$3$H$G$"$k!#(B $BI=8=G=NO$rKa$-!"1_3j$J%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s$r?43]$1$k$3$H$,!"%M%C%H%o!<%/$K%"%/%;%9$9$k$5$$$N5AL3$G$"$k!#(B

$B%M%C%H?M3J(B

$B%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$H$$$&FCu67$KE,1~$7$h$&$H$7$F!"FC
$BFC$BEE;R%a!<%k$NJV;v$r!V%l%9!W$H8F$s$@$j!"Ej9F$5$l$F$$$kFbMF$r!V$+$-$3!W$H8F$s$@$j$9$k!#(B
$B%3%s%T%e!<%?$NCN<1NL$d:n6HNL$J$I$G?M4V$N>e2<4X78$r7h$a$k(B
$B%5!<%P!<$N4IM}$B0UL#$N$J$$Iz$;;z$r;H$&(B
$B!VEl5~EE!{Bg3X!W$J$I!#(B

$B%A%'%$%s%a!<%k(B

$B!V$3$N%a!<%k$r@.$k$Y$/B?$/$N?M$KAw$C$F$/$@$5$$!#!W$H$$$&J8LL$N%a!<%k$O$7$P$7$PMh$^$9$,!"$3$l$OFbMF$K4X$o$i$:$d$C$F$O$$$1$J$$9T0Y$G$9!#(B

$B2a5n$K;HMQ$5$l$?Nc(B
  • $BH?3K1?F0(B
  • $BM"7l(B
  • $BIT9,$N$B$@$8$c$l$J$I$,=q$+$l$?%a!<%k(B
  • $B%&%#%k%9>pJs(B
$B:dK\D>;V(B [email protected]